GPS Spoofing: A Growing Concern for Aircraft in Indian Airspace Near Pakistan Border

Rising Cases of GPS Interference and Spoofing

GPS spoofing, an issue previously common in conflict zones in West Asia, is now affecting aircraft in Indian airspace near the Pakistan border. Multiple airlines have reported instances of GPS interference and spoofing while operating in and around Amritsar and Jammu from November 2023 to February 2025.

• 465 incidents of GPS interference and spoofing reported
• Disruptions affect aircraft navigation systems
• GPS spoofing involves transmitting fake satellite signals

Measures to Tackle the Problem

In November 2023, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) issued a circular advising airlines to report such interference cases. The government has taken steps to address the issue, including issuing Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) in areas with frequent GPS disruptions.

• Airlines adhere to standard operating procedures (SOPs)
• ICAO and EASA guidelines implemented
• Ground-based navigation systems remain functional

Improving Aviation Safety

The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is consistently upgrading air traffic management systems to improve aviation safety. The DGCA’s November 2023 circular outlines a comprehensive action plan for pilots, aircraft operators, and air traffic controllers to handle GPS-related disruptions.

GPS Jamming and Spoofing in Other Regions

Last April, GPS jamming and spoofing levels increased significantly in the Middle East, with major blackout/interference areas in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Israel. Traffic routing via Egypt and Saudi on a Middle East transit (Southern Route) should anticipate spoofing and be vigilant for early signs.

Pilots’ Encounters with GPS Spoofing and Jamming

Several pilots flying westward report that GPS spoofing and jamming is escalating daily. As soon as they cross the Iran-Pakistan border, jamming and spoofing begin, continuing until they clear Turkey to the west. The Russian airspace also experiences this issue, particularly closer to the troubled regions.

• Enroute ATCs monitor aircraft position via radar
• Alternate DME-DME update used to track location
• Airline crew trained to handle GPS jamming and spoofing